Which structure is NOT related to higher-order cognitive processing?

The substantia nigra is primarily associated with the regulation of movement and the reward system rather than higher-order cognitive processing. It is a critical structure within the basal ganglia and plays a significant role in motor control and the coordination of voluntary movements, as well as in reward-related behaviors through its connections with other regions involved in the dopaminergic system. Disturbances in this area are notably linked to disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

In contrast, the other structures mentioned—dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex—are all involved in higher-order cognitive functions. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is crucial for executive functions, such as decision-making and working memory, while the fusiform gyrus is essential for facial recognition and visual processing. The orbitofrontal cortex is involved in decision-making and emotional regulation, integrating sensory information with emotional responses.