Which anatomical feature is significant for the transmission of olfactory signals?

The olfactory cortex is crucial for processing olfactory signals, as it is the region of the brain that receives and interprets information about smells. Located in the temporal lobe, the olfactory cortex initiates the perception of odor and is directly connected to the olfactory bulbs, which receive input from olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity.

This anatomical feature not only plays a role in the processing of olfactory information but also connects to other brain regions involved in emotion and memory, such as the amygdala and hippocampus. This connection explains why certain smells can evoke strong emotional responses or memories.

The other options listed are associated with different neurological functions. The basal sulcus is a groove that runs along the brain's surface, the cerebral peduncles are involved in motor control and information transfer between the cerebrum and the brainstem, and the anterior perforated substance is a region through which blood vessels pass but does not directly relate to the processing of olfactory signals. Thus, the olfactory cortex stands out as the key feature for the transmission and interpretation of olfactory information.