What anatomical feature separates the cerebral hemispheres?

The anatomical feature that separates the cerebral hemispheres is the longitudinal fissure. This deep groove runs along the midline of the brain, extending from the front to the back. Its primary function is to delineate the right hemisphere from the left hemisphere, allowing for a division of cognitive and sensory functions that is often seen in the lateralization of brain processes.

The longitudinal fissure also serves as a landmark for various brain structures, and it is significant in understanding the organization of the brain's anatomy. This division plays a crucial role in neurology and psychology, highlighting how each hemisphere can specialize in different functions while still coordinating with each other through the corpus callosum.

Other options like the central sulcus, lateral fissure, and calcarine sulcus are important in their respective contexts but do not separate the hemispheres. The central sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes, the lateral fissure separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes, and the calcarine sulcus is specifically involved in visual processing within the occipital lobe.